Mawal. Mijana. 3ataba

[Siham]

Где-то на форуме была тема о мауале, но я ее не нашла. Если кто найдет, пришлите, пожалуйста ссылку.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawwal

In Arabic music, the mawwāl (موال; plural: mawāwīl, مواويـل) is a traditional genre of vocal music that is usually presented before the actual song begins. It is characterized by spelling vowel syllables longer than usual. In any mawwal, the music begins with a layali (ليالي), in which the listener will hear the common phrase "Ya Ain Ya Lail" (يا عين يا ليل), which means "Oh eye, Oh night."

Mawwal is sung in colloquial rather than classical Arabic. The genre has links to historical forms of Arabic poetry and music and the singer demonstrates his skill with non-metrical melodic improvisation on a poetic narrative text and melody.

Mawwal means "affiliated with", "associated with," or "connected to". The verb is waala. It is measure 3 of the root verb "Walia", which means to follow, be affiliated with, support, or sponsor. Originally the verbal noun has a Yaa in the definite form but it loses it when the world is indefinite.
Mawwal in Egypt

In Egypt, the musicians of Mawawil play the rabab (a double-stringed spike fiddle made from half of a coconut shell covered with fish skin and a bow strung with horse hair), the kawala (an end-blown, oblique flute with six holes) and the arghoul (an ancient double clarinet characterized by two pipes of unequal length. The second pipe serves as a drone and can be lengthened by adding pieces. The player uses the technique of circular breathing to produce an uninterrupted sound). The arghoul can be traced back to Pharaonic times as it is exactly depicted on wall paintings of the temples of the third dynasty. Amin Shahin is one of the few remaining arghoul players in Egypt, since the death of arghoul master, Moustafa Abd al Aziz in 2001.

Famous Singers.
Mawwal is sung by powerful singers who are able to demonstrate strong vocal capabilities. The most famous singers come from Lebanon in specific, Sabah, Wadih- al Safi and Fairouz. However nowadays, some of the most famous and strongest singers that can sing mawaweels are Najwa Karam and Wael Kfoury

[Siham]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataaba

The ataaba (Arabic: عتابا‎, meaning "plaint" or "dirge", also transliterated 'ataba) is a traditional Arabic musical form sung at weddings or festivals, and sometimes also by people at work. Popular in Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Jordan, it was originally a Bedouin genre, improvised by a solo poet-singer accompanying himself on the rababa. As part of the Palestinian folk music tradition, ataabas are generally performed by a vocal soloist, without instrumental accompaniment, who improvises the melody using folk poetry for the verse.

Sung unmetered in stanzas comprising four lines, the last word of the first three lines are homonyms, each with a different meaning, creating a pun. In urban settings, the ataaba is often paired with a metric choral refrain called a mījanā.

The ataaba is also used by rural Palestinian women to express grief or reproach.[4] The most common theme of an ataaba is love, though eulogies are also common. Less common themes include moral instruction, and descriptions of nature.

Structure

About half of all ataabas do not use fixed meter, while the other half use a standard rajaz or wāfir meter.[5] Generally composed of four verses of poetry, the first three end with the same sound.[6] The end of a verse or quatrain in an ataaba is marked by adding a word ending in "-ba" to the end of the fourth hemistich.[7] The fourth and final verse usually ends with a word ending in the sound aab or awa.[6]

While there are four lines of verse in an ataaba, these are usually sung as two musical phrases. These phrases are often a melodic curve beginning on the fourth or fifth, descending to the cadence and ending on the supertonic or tonic.[5] All ataabas are performed by a soloist, who often begins by singing a long melismatic phrase on the syllable ōf.[5] While this opening sequence is not necessarily a part of the ataaba, the closing melismatic phrase sung to words such as yā bā ("O father"), yā mā ("O mother"), or yā eyn ("O eyes"), etc., is an integral part of the song's structure and is unique to this musical form.[5]

Performances

The ataaba is one of many Palestinian folk music traditions that continues to be performed at weddings and festivals in Arab villages in Palestine, as well as by Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.[1][8] The ataaba and other forms of improvised poetry such as the mawwal and mijana have been used by Palestinians since the 1960s, "to express outrage and grief at the razing and appropriation of Palestinian villages by Israelis."[9] Ataabas are also performed by famous Arab singers, such as the Lebanese singer and composer, Wadi' al-Safi.

[Loretti]

Пример Мауаля Ливан.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWR5MmkdFT8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXF9zGr2oyg

А это мауаль египетский (совместно с певцом из Раджастана, Индия)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAzl3ouwpzw